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Gordon Parks (November 30, 1912 – March 7, 2006) was an American photographer, musician, writer and film director. He is best remembered for his photographic essays for ''Life'' magazine and as the director of the 1971 film ''Shaft''. ==Early life== Parks was born in Fort Scott, Kansas, the son of Sarah (née Ross) and Jackson Parks. He was the last child born to them. His father was a farmer who grew corn, beets, turnips, potatoes, collard greens, and tomatoes. They also had a few ducks, chickens, and hogs.〔Parks,1990, p. 6.〕 He attended a segregated elementary school. The town was too small to afford a separate high school that would facilitate segregation of the secondary school, but blacks were not allowed to play sports or attend school social activities,〔Parks, 1990, pp. 1–2.〕 and they were discouraged from developing any aspirations for higher education. Parks related in a documentary on his life that his teacher told him that his desire to go to college would be a waste of money. When Parks was eleven years old, three white boys threw him into the Marmaton River, knowing he couldn't swim. He had the presence of mind to duck underwater so they wouldn't see him make it to land.〔Parks, 1990, p. 16.〕 His mother died when he was fourteen. He spent his last night at the family home sleeping beside his mother's coffin, seeking not only solace, but a way to face his own fear of death.〔Parks, 1990, pp. 12–13.〕 Soon after, he was sent to live with relatives. That situation ended with Parks being turned out onto the street to fend for himself. In 1929, he briefly worked in a gentlemen's club, the Minnesota Club. There he not only observed the trappings of success, but was able to read many books from the club library.〔Parks,1990, pp. 26–27.〕 When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 brought an end to the club, he jumped a train to Chicago,〔Parks, 1990, pp. 30–34.〕 where he managed to land a job in a flophouse.〔Parks, 1990, p. 35.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gordon Parks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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